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Each identifier is then linked to its respective citation. Thus, multiple items in a collection can have multiple citations. A citation to the same work from multiple sources is regarded as a self-citation. A self-citation can also be regarded as the use of a publication which itself cites other publications. Publications which cite are cited to the author of the publication in which they were cited. They do not cite all publications on a topic, since this would make books unreadable(Kemerer & Sansom, 2020). Instead, authors cite more specific and earlier publications, in order to inform readers on progress in the field. To distinguish between self-citation and non-self-citation, scholars apply self-citation rates. The number of self-citations per thousand citations is regarded as the self-citation rate. This rate is compared to a baseline rate for the respective field and country. The country-specific self-citation rate is regarded as a field-specific self-citation rate. In the humanities, the field-specific baseline is usually taken to be 0.02 self-citations per thousand citations. Some people have been accused of being “self-citing”, and in some cases, they may actually have been self-citing. Self-citation is a complex issue, and it can be difficult to ascertain whether a specific publication should be regarded as a self-citation or not. Self-citation is not regarded as plagiarism, but rather as a citation where a publication cites its own previous publication. Authors may cite previously published works as a means to inform readers about previous findings in a field. Other self-citations may be regarded as research waste. The academic concept of self-citation can also be extended to other types of citations, such as citations of journal articles. This is done by including the citation for the journal article within the reference list of the reference(Van Sebille et al., 2020). This allows the reader to gain more insight into how much of an article was used to inform the final version, and can be used to rate the reliability of the journal article. An internal citation is a citation to an author’s own work. In a given citation, one or more works of an author are cited. In other citations, an author is cited, and no work of that author is cited. An author’s own work is also a type of self-citation, in that the author is citing his own work. Thus, self-citation is a form of citation.

References

Kemerer, F., & Sansom, P. (2020). California school law. Stanford University Press.

Van Sebille, E., Aliani, S., Law, K. L., Maximenko, N., Alsina, J. M., Bagaev, A., …&Wichmann, D. (2020). The physical oceanography of the transport of floating marine debris. Environmental Research Letters, 15(2), 023003.