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JDWeek6Discussion1.pptx
JDWeek6Discussion1.pptx
Public EducationSystem Structures
Introduction
Education structures are the foundations in which different countries have built their school system.
Different structures across the world define:
School entrance age
Duration of different school levels
System subordination
Compulsory education
Internal correlations
Therefore, this presentation will evaluate this
aspects in Norway, Japan, Kenya and Brazil.
Structures of Public Education in Norway
Norway education system comprises of kindergarten, primary and secondary education.
After this levels, one can proceed to tertiary or continuous vocational and training, or higher education.
This education system in the country also offers adult education.
All children in Norway between the of one to six years are entitled to kindergarten. The government has a set maximum parental fee.
Families with more than one child in any kindergarten in the country have sibling moderation fee of 30% for the second and third children and 50% upwards.
Cont.
Compulsory primary school education starts at 6 years old and runs for 7 years. This public education is free and funded by principle of equity (Grades 1-7).
Compulsory lower secondary education is three years, which is also funded by the government (Grades 8-10).
In lower primary, children choose foreign language, employment specialization or English specialization. There are two more elective subjects offered by the schools.
Upper secondary education is a three-year program and its free.
Upper secondary includes initial vocational education and training and general studies.
Cont.
Students can choose short vocational training in place of higher education after upper secondary.
Tertiary education is offered partly by private providers and county authorities but regulated by the national legislation.
The training lasts between six months and two years.
All courses are accredited by Norwegian agency for quality assurance in education (NOKUT).
Higher education is free and facilitated through different pathways.
Most higher education are state-run
Bachelors degree is 3 years, masters 5 year taken as continuous to bachelors degree and Ph.D. three years. Professional studies run for three to six years (nursing 3, primary and lower secondary teacher 5, and medicine 6 years.
Structures of Public Education in Japan
Level of education in Japan are preschool, primary, lower secondary, higher secondary and college or university.
Pre-primary education is facilitated through play school, kindergarten or day-care centers.
Preschool education prepare kids with cognitive skills from one year to five years.
Primary education starts at six years and is compulsory and starts from grade one to six.
Lower secondary consist of grades seven to nine, and is also compulsory.
Almost all children from primary education join lower-secondary, provided by public and private sectors.
Cont.
Upper secondary is not mandatory and but between 94-96% of the students from lower secondary join senior high school.
Public sector provide half of the services I this level while the other half is provided by private sectors.
Technical and vocational courses are included in later years in senior high school.
The final structure is university or higher education level.
There are more than 700 universities in Japan
Public universities are prestigious than private and roughly 27% of students join public higher education institutions.
Structures of Public Education in Kenya
According to Akala (2021), Kenya is in the process of implementation of a new education structure called the Competency based Curriculum (CBC).
However, this new structure is in the initial stages. The current system in full practice comprise of primary education, secondary education and higher education.
Primary education is free and compulsory for all children and starts at six years
Primary education is eight years from class 1 to class 8.
The government provides free secondary education after completion of primary education.
Cont.
Secondary education runs from form one to form four, students are between the age of 15 and 18 years.
This education is provided both by the private and public sectors but regulated through legislations.
Those who do not make to higher education can join vocational educational education and training centers.
Higher education is a four-year program.
Entrance into higher education is determined by national exams offered at the end of secondary education.
Higher education is provided by private and public sectors, however, public universities are more prestigious than private facilities.
Structures of Public Education in Brazil
Brazil embraces the traditional private and public system in schools.
Their education use private and public school system like Kenya
The system encompass primary education, secondary education, and higher education.
There are other intermediate programs such as technical education and training after secondary education.
Higher education comprises of undergraduate education which last for four years and post graduate studies which range from 2 to 6 years.
Cont.
Basic education in Brazil comprise pre-school, primary and secondary education
Pre-school include kindergartens, day-care centers and pre-schools and lasts up to 5 years.
Primary education goes for 9 years, between ages 6 and 14 in Grades 1 to 9.
Children receive certificate after completion, Certificate of Primary Education.
Secondary education last for three years between 15 and 17 years of age.
Certificate of Secondary Education is awarded after completion
Cont.
After secondary education, vocational secondary education is the next, which lasts between three to four years.
In this level, certificate or diploma are awarded.
Higher education is provided at age of 18 years and above.
The students must have secondary education to join higher education
Entrance exam is provided which students must pass to pursue their course of study.
Conclusion
Educational practices such as human development and learning are shaped by education system structures (Darling-Hammond et al., 2020).
The four systems discussed in this presentation have the following similarities:
| In all the systems preschool, kindergarten and day-care centers run up to 5 years. |
| The age of enrolling in primary education is six years across all systems |
| Education is compulsory to all students until the age 17 or 18 years |
| All systems embrace higher education and vocational training. |
References
Akala, B. M. M. (2021). Revisiting education reform in Kenya: a case of competency based curriculum (CBC). Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 3(1), 100107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100107
Darling-Hammond, L., Flook, L., Cook-Harvey, C., Barron, B., & Osher, D. (2020). Implications for educational practice of the science of learning and development. Applied Developmental Science, 24(2), 97-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2018.1537791