BIOLOGY 210: SKULL BONE ANATOMY VIA VISIBLE BODY

IN-LAB EXERCISES: 0.98 POINTS for each correct label and each correct question answer.

Answer the following:

7a. What is the purpose of the cranium?

7b. How many TOTAL cranial bones are there (if there is a left and a right of a bone, you need to count both of them)?

7c. List the cranial bones here:

8. Click “Facial Bones” in the left-hand menu. The skull will rotate and show you a different set of highlighted bones. Make sure the “book icon” is clicked and answer the following:

8a. How many TOTAL facial bones are there?

8b. List the facial bones here:

8c. Give 5 functions of the facial bones.

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· 5.

9. Click the Menu button in the upper right-hand menu.

10. Click “10.3 Cranial Bones”. Rotate the model as needed so that it matches the pictures below.

11. Click on each of the bones in the menu on the left. Be able to identify each bone in the pictures that follow.

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We will now look at the cranial bones individually and landmarks/bone markings of them. As you click on each name in the left-hand menu, you will need to watch the picture carefully as it will highlight in a teal-blue color.

12. Click on the upper right-hand menu. Click on 10.4 Occipital Bone Landmarks. The Occipital bone will be shown by itself.

13. In the left-hand column, click on “Foramen Magnum”. Click the “book icon” and answer the following:

13a. What passes through this large hole?

14. In the left-hand column, click on “Occipital condyles”. Click the “book icon” and answer the following:

14a. What is the name of the *vertebrae* that articulates (attaches) to this landmark (the vertebrae – NOT the ligament)?

15. Identify these bony landmarks in the picture below.

17. (Click on the green ring)

18.

16. In the upper right-hand corner click the Menu button. Click on 10.5 Temporal Bone Landmarks. The Temporal bone will be shown by itself.

17. In the left-hand column, click on “Zygomatic Process”. Click the “book icon” and answer the following:

17a. What bone does this articulate to?

18. In the left-hand column, click on “Mandibular Fossa”. Click the “book icon” and answer the following:

18a. What bone articulates (connects) here?

19. In the left-hand column, click on “External Auditory Meatus”. Click the “book icon” and answer the following:

19a. What is the purpose of this bony landmark?

20. In the left-hand column, click on “Styloid Process”. Click the “book icon” and answer the following:

20a. The book icon information says that the “styloglossus and stylohyoid” attach here. These are not bones. Look them up either in the Visible Body app or on Google. What *are* they?

21. In the left-hand column, click on “Mastoid Process”. Feel the bump right behind your own ear. You can feel this mastoid process exactly where the picture indicates it is.

22. Identify these bony landmarks in the picture below.

19. (Bony landmark – not the name of the bone)

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23. In the upper right-hand corner click the Menu button. Click on 10.6 Frontal Bone Landmarks. The Frontal bone will be shown by itself.

24. In the left-hand column, click on “Supraorbital notches”. Click the “book icon” and answer the following:

24a. What are these notches (which can be full holes) for?

25. Identify the bony landmarks in the picture below.

24. (Bony landmark – not the name of the bone)

26. In the upper right-hand corner click the Menu button. Click on 10.7 Sphenoid Bone Landmarks. The Sphenoid bone will be shown by itself.

27. In the left-hand column, click on “Sella turcica”. Click the “book icon” and answer the following:

27a. What gland sits in this depression?

28. In the left-hand column, click on “Optic foramen”. Click the “book icon” and answer the following:

28a. What passes through these holes (foramen)?

29. Identify these bony landmarks in the picture below.

25. (Click carefully on the grey depression)

26.

30. In the upper right-hand corner click the Menu button. Click on 10.8 Ethmoid Bone Landmarks. The Ethmoid bone will be shown by itself.

31. In the left-hand column, click on “Crista Galli”. Be able to identify this marking in the picture below.

32. In the left-hand column, click on “Cribriform plate”. Be able to identify this marking in the picture below.

33. In the left-hand column, click on “Middle Conchae”. Click the “book icon” and answer the following:

33a. Although this is part of a cranial bone, it extends down into your face. What does this part of this bone do?

34. There is one bony landmark that is not listed in the left-hand menu. Identify it using the picture below.

35. Identify these bony landmarks in the picture below.

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28.

29.

30.

36. In the upper right-hand corner click the Menu button. Click on 10.9 Skull Sutures. Answer the following questions using the information in the upper left.

36a. Which suture joins the frontal bone with the two parietal bones?

36b. Which suture joins the two parietal bones together?

36c. Which suture joins the two parietal bones with the occipital bone?

36d. Which sutures join the parietal bones to the temporal bones?

37. Identify the four skull sutures in the pictures below.

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38. Click on the upper right-hand menu. Scroll down to 10.11 Facial Skeleton I and click.

39. Be able to identify each bone in the picture that follows. Note that certain bones have a left and a right; include that in your label.

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40. In the upper right-hand corner click the Menu button. Click on 10.12 Maxilla Landmarks. Answer the following questions using the information in the upper left.

40a. What process forms your hard palate?

40b. Describe the maxillary sinus.

41. In the left-hand column, click on “Hard Palate”. Be able to identify this marking in the picture below.

42. In the left-hand column, click on “Infraorbital foramen and canal”. Be able to identify this marking in the picture below.

43. There is one bony landmark which is not listed in the left-hand menu. You will need to click on the diagram to identify it in the picture below. Be sure that the green part highlights and not the blue.

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42.

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44. In the upper right-hand corner click the Menu button. Click on 10.13 Mandible Landmarks. Answer the following question using the book icon information.

44a. What are the three distinctive characteristics of the mandible found in the first sentence?

45. In the left-hand column, click on “Condyle”. Be able to identify this marking in the picture below.

46. In the left-hand column, click on “Mandibular Foramen”. Be able to identify this marking in the picture below.

47. In the left-hand column, click on “Mental Foramen”. Be able to identify this marking in the picture below.

48. There is one bony landmark which is not listed in the left-hand menu. You will need to click on the diagram to identify it in the picture below.

43.

44.

45.

46. (The darker orange line)

49. Click on the upper right-hand menu. Scroll down to 10.14 Facial Skeleton II and click. Using the information in the supper left, answer the following question.

49a. What two body systems utilize the facial bones?

50. Click on each of the bones in the menu on the left. Be able to identify each bone in the pictures that follow. These are much smaller bones and more difficult to distinguish from one another. Rotate the model around and see them from all angles. What things do you see that will help you identify each one?

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49. (Give the full name of this bone)

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51. Click on the upper right-hand menu. Scroll down to 10.17 Auditory Ossicles and click. Using the information in the upper left-hand corner, answer the following questions.

51. What larger skull bone are these found just deep to?

51b. What is significant about the size of these bones?

51c. Describe how these bones work to accomplish their function.

52. Be able to identify these bones in the picture below.

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53. Click on the upper right-hand menu. Scroll up to 10.19 Bones of the Orbit and click.

54. Before you click on the bones in the list on the left, try and click on each one from where you remember they are from earlier in this lab. If you need help, click on the names so the bones highlight.

55. Answer the following questions:

55a. What do the bones of the orbits do?

55b. List the seven bones of the orbits. Click on each one to further learn where they are.

55c. Which ONE of the seven bones could you NOT see just by looking straight into the eye orbits?

56. Identify the seven bones of the orbit in the following picture.

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57. Click on the upper right-hand menu. Scroll down to 10.20 Nasal Septum and click. Using the information in the upper left-hand corner, answer the following questions.

57a. What is the purpose of the nasal septum?

57b. What are the components of the nasal septum.

58. Identify the three components of the nasal septum in the picture below.

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59. Click on the upper right-hand menu. Scroll down to 10.21 Hyoid and click. Click on “Hyoid” in the left-hand menu and answer the following question.

59a. True or False: The hyoid attaches to the skull by a condyles and a fossa.

60. Be able to identify the hyoid bone in the picture.

65.

TIME TO PRACTICE!

CLICK ON QUIZZES IN THE MAIN MENU.

TAKE QUIZ 10.b AXIAL SKELETON

(this will include some bones not yet studied, as they occur in the rest of the axial skeleton)

Review your Skull Bones and Skull Bone Markings. When you can identify them confidently, check them off.